紧固件抗振防松性能比较

Shakeproof and anti-looseness property comparison of fastener

采用自制横向振动试验机,对常见的防松紧固件进行抗振防松性能试验。普通螺母:试样在振动800次左右时失去紧固能力,轴力衰减速度加快;双螺母:1件试样在完成振动3 000次后,残余轴力与初始轴力的比值仍保持在90%,4件试样在振动2 000次左右时螺母松动;普通螺母+弹性垫圈:2件试样在完成振动3 000次后,残余轴力与初始轴力的比值分别保持在66.7%、85.3%,3件试样在振动1 500次左右时螺母松动;施必牢螺母:5件试样在完成振动3 000次后,残余轴力与初始轴力的比值仍保持在63.6%～88.6%。试验结果表明,施必牢螺母防松性能最好,双螺母和普通螺母+弹性垫圈虽具有一定的防松能力,但也有一定的失效概率,而普通螺母不具备抗振防松能力。

Common anti-looseness fastener was shakeproof and anti-looseness property tested by adopting self-made trans- verse vibration testing machine. Common nut specimens lost tighten ability after vibration about 800 times, the decay rate of axial force increases. The ratio of residual axial force to original axial force remains 90% after double nut one piece specimen finished vibration 3 000 times, the nuts loose after four pieces of specimens vibration about 2 000 times. The ratio of residual axial force to original axial force remains 66. 7% , 85. 3% respectively after common nut and elastic washer two pieces of specimens finished vibration 3 000 times, the nuts loose after three pieces of specimens vibration about 1 500 times. The ratio of residual axial force to original axial force remains 63.6% - 88.6% after Spiralock nut five pieces of specimens finished vibration 3 000 times. Test results show that the anti-looseness of Spiralock nut is the best, double nut and common nut adding elastic washer have certain anti-looseness ability, but they have certain failure probability, common nut doesn＇ t has shakeproof and anti-looseness ability.