单菌固态发酵油茶饼粕生产多酶生物饲料

Production of multi-enzyme enriched bio-feed from camellia oleifera seed cake in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger

采用黑曲霉为发酵菌种,用固态发酵技术改善油茶饼粕的饲用品质以制取油茶饼粕多酶生物饲料。通过单因素试验和正交试验,以纤维素酶活力和蛋白酶活力为检测指标,确定黑曲霉固体发酵最佳基质中油茶饼粕与豆粕的混合比例为1:1,料水比为1:0.5,添加1%(W/W)的硫酸铵,0.1%(W/W)的磷酸氢二钾,装瓶量(干料)为50 g(500 mL锥形瓶)。试验结果表明,以pH 5,温度28℃,1.5%接种量为最佳发酵条件,培养4 d,纤维素酶活力达到1 481.9 U.g-1,蛋白酶活力达到4 128.1 U.g-1。发酵过后的油茶饼粕粗蛋白质提高41.8%,真蛋白提高48.2%,必需氨基酸明显提高,粗纤维降低38.0%,同时油茶饼粕中的抗营养因子单宁降低78.7%,茶皂素降低了65.3%,其饲用价值得到极大改善。

In this paper,Aspergillus niger was used to produce multi-enzyme enriched bio-feed from camellia oleifera seed cake with solid-state fermentation.The suitable medium for mixed fermentation of Aspergillus niger were soya bean meal to oil-tea-cake ratio of 1：1,material-to-water ratio of 1： 0.5,1%（W/W）（NH4）2SO4,0.1%（W/W） K2HPO4,and 50 g dry material in 500 mL tapered bottle.The best fermentation conditions were 1.5%（W/W） inoculum size of Aspergillus niger,at 28℃ for 4 d at pH 5.The activities of proteinase and cellulase could reach to 4 128.1 U？g-1 and 1 481.9 U？g-1,respectively.The crude protein and the pure protein in camellia oleifera seed cake increased by 41.8%,48.2%,respectively,while the crude fibre,tannin and tea saponin reduced by 38.0%,78.7%,and 65.3%,respectively.Nutritional values of the fermented bio-feed improve obviously.