新疆饲料乳酸菌的多样性与系统进化分析

Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Lactic Acid in Forage of Xinjiang

[目的]对新疆吐鲁番地区常用饲料样品(玉米、苜蓿、小麦)的乳酸菌资源进行初步调查及多样性分析。[方法]利用平板分离法分离3种饲料原料中的乳酸菌,再以MRS+CaCO3固体培养基进行筛选。对所分离得到的80株乳酸菌进行形态学观察、生理生化检测生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列鉴定可知8,0株乳酸菌分属于2个属,即乳杆菌属、肠球菌属;7个种,即干酪乳杆菌(lactobacillus casei)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(lactobacillus rhamnosus)、副干酪乳杆菌(lactobacillus paracasei)、肠道球菌(Entercoccus faecium)、耐久肠球菌(Entercoccus durans)、植物乳杆菌(lactobacillus plantarum)、海氏肠球菌(Entercoccus hirae)。3种饲料原料中干酪乳杆菌和肠道球菌普遍存在。除了这2种乳酸菌外,小麦中还有鼠李糖乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌。苜蓿内有植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、海氏肠球菌、耐久肠球菌。玉米内有植物乳杆菌、耐久肠球菌。[结论]新疆吐鲁番地区不同饲料中乳酸菌存在较大的多样性,干酪乳杆菌、肠道球菌等乳酸菌为饲料发酵的关键菌群,该试验结果为饲料乳酸菌资源开发及饲料乳酸菌应用提供了一定的理论基础。

[Objective] The aim was to conduct preliminary investigations and diversity analysis of lactic acid bacteria resources in forage from Turpan of Xinjiang.[Method] The lactic acid bacteria in the three kinds of forage ingredients in Xinjiang were isolated by using plate separation method and screened by MRS＋CaCO3 solid medium.Morphological,physiological and biochemical identification and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis were carried out to the isolated eighty strains of lactic acid bacteria,to explore its taxonomic status.[Result] Twenty strains of lactic acid bacteria were obtained from alfalfa,forty-one from wheat,and ninety from corn.The physiological and biochemical identification and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis results showed that the eighty strains of lactic acid bacteria belonged to two genera,namely,Lactobacillus,Enterococcus;7 species,Lactobacillus casei,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Lactobacillus paracasei,Entercoccus faecium,Entercoccus durans,Lactobacillus plantarum,Entercoccus hirae.Lactobacillus casei and Entercoccus faecium were ubiquitous in the three kinds of forage ingredients.Besides these two lactic acid bacteria,there were Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Lactobacillus paracasei,Lactobacillus plantarum in wheat,Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus paracasei,Entercoccus hirae,Entercoccus durans in alfalfa,Lactobacillus plantarum,Entercoccus durans in corn.[Conclusion] There is a big diversity of lactic acid bacteria in different forage from Turpan of Xinjiang,in which Lactobacillus casei,Entercoccus faecium are the key bacteria for forage fermentation.