控释尿素对玉米产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素的影响

Effect of Control Release Urea on Spring Maize Yield,N Use Efficiency and Soil Nitrogen

采用田间试验,研究了施用硅藻土为载体的控释尿素对玉米不同生育期地上部生物量、吸氮量以及土壤尿酶活性、硝态氮和铵态氮含量及产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:与普通尿素一次性施用相比,控释尿素能提高玉米生长后期地上部生物量和吸氮量,抑制脲酶活性,维持土壤氮素水平,提高玉米产量和氮肥利用率,其效果与普通尿素分次施用相当。尿素分次施用和控释尿素处理分别比尿素一次性施用处理产量增加23.48%和17.70%,氮肥利用效率提高17.33%和17.58%,这说明以硅藻土为载体的控释尿素替代普通尿素,一次性基施的施肥方式替代基肥加追肥是可行的,能达到省工、增效的目的。

The experiments release urea with kieselguhr were conducted to investigate the effects of single basal application of control as the carrier on rate of yield of maize, shoot dry weight and N uptake of maize in different growth stages, NH4 ＋ - N and NO3- - N of soil. The results show that control release urea application could increase shoot dry weight and N use efficiency of maize, inhibit urease activity of soil and maintain soil NH4 ＋ - N and NO3 - - N during the late growth stage. The treatments of twice fertilization and control release urea could increase yield by 23.48% and 17.70%, improve N use efficiency by 17.33% and 17.58%, respectively. Therefore, the control release urea in this study can be used by single basal application to maize production system, and help to change twice fertilization （basal and dressing） to once fertilization （basal）, and thus benefit to labor-saving and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.