魏晋南北朝时期忠孝论的转变

On the Transition of Ideas about Loyalty and Filial Piety in Wei,Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

"忠"、"孝"作为儒家伦理思想的核心,不仅是史学家编著史传的一个重要内容,还涉及到对于历史人物的评价。魏晋南北朝时期,门阀士族占据统治地位,故而这一时期史家在有关"忠"、"孝"的评论上,一方面继承并淡化汉代"忠"的观念,另一方面极力提倡家族间的"孝",逐渐形成以孝为首的名教观念。这些史论中所包含的史家忠孝观虽未超出儒家之范围,却反映出浓厚的门阀意识,具有鲜明的时代特征。

Loyalty and filial piety are two key concepts in Confucian ethnics. They not only make up a vital part in history compiling but also make a difference to appraise of historic figures. In Wei, Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, feudal lords and aristocrats took dominance of the society. Hence historian in that time, on the one hand, inherited but diluted the idea of ＂loyalty＂ in Han Dynasty, and on the other hand enthusiastically advocated the idea of filial piety and established a doctrine that filial piety was the foremost ethical virtue. The ideas about loyalty and filial piety contained in those historian theories remained largely Confucian, but they reflected strong ideologies of feudal lord and aristocrats distinctive of that time.