论稼轩词中的俳优传统

On the Comedian Tradition in the Ci of Jiaxuan

辛弃疾的俳谐词数量甚多,约有九十多首。稼轩在俳谐词中或自我解嘲以解脱苦闷,或讽刺社会而嬉笑怒骂,俳谐词成为稼轩化解内心痛苦的手段,也是他针砭时弊的工具。辛弃疾对淳于髡、东方朔、扬雄等俳优型知识分子的认同,奠定了他对自我解嘲、嘲讽他人、谈笑讽谏等俳优传统的领会与运用,这不仅是他能创作出众多意味独特的俳谐词的重要原因,对于《答客难》、《解嘲》等俳谐文赋创作手法的承继,也是理解稼轩以文为词特质的重要视角。

Xin Qiji had written more than eighty comic Ci, which is a large amount. Through writing comic Ci, Jiaxuan got rid of depression with self taunt and satirized the society with sarcasm. Comic Ci became Jiaxuan’s means to dissolve spiritual pain and criticize the reality. Xin Qiji’s understanding and use of comedian tradition such as self taunt, sarcasm and offering advice in irony were based on his identification with Chun Yukun, Dong Fangshuo and Yang Xiong together with other comic intellectuals. This is the critical reason why he had produced so many special comic Ci. To reveal Jiaxuan’s absorption of the literary art of Response to a Mr.＇s criticism and Self-depreciation will also help understand his choice of writing Ci in the form of prose.