玉米孤雌生殖单倍体诱导效率优化方法研究

Preliminary optimization of in-vivo haploid induction in maize

玉米孤雌生殖单倍体的诱导是进行单倍体育种的重要环节。本研究选择20个杂交种作母本进行单倍体诱导,结果表明:不同母本基因型间单倍体频率差异显著,其中高频材料的单倍体频率约为低频材料的5倍。以郑单958为母本和CAUHOI-1杂交经多年试验初步表明在海南冬季进行单倍体诱导的效率(3.39%)显著高于北京夏季(1.86%)。杂交诱导果穗不同部位的单倍体频率存在差异,顶部的单倍体频率较高。吐丝后不同时期的单倍体诱导表明,在吐丝早期授粉的诱导效率最高。初步研究结果表明母本基因型、诱导地点以及授粉时期均对单倍体诱导有重要影响。选择高频的母本材料,在合适的地点于吐丝早期进行单倍体诱导是单倍体诱导的最佳方案。

Efficient haploid induction is the prerequisites in maize doubled haploid breeding.In this study,the results showed that the haploid induction rates differed significantly among the 20 single hybrids,and the highest rate was about five times higher than the lowest.From the multi-year haploid induction experiment using single hybrid ZD958 as female and haploid inducer CAUHOI-1 as male,the average induction rate in winter season in Hainan（3.39%） was higher than that of Beijing in summer season（1.86%）.Haploid rates differed between different seed positions on the ear,and the higher haploid frequency was found on the top of the ear.Haploid induction rate was also affected by the silk age,and the younger silk could yield more haploids.The results above supported that maternal genotype,maternal silk age and inducing location could be important in haploid induction.To increase haploid induction rate and optimize the haploid induction,induction should be conducted in locations with stable environment and pollination in early time after ear silking.