门诊肺结核患者心理压力及影响因素研究

A study on the stress and related factors among outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis

目的探究门诊肺结核患者心理压力及其影响因素。方法以浙江省两县区结核病定点门诊的在治肺结核患者为对象,采用问卷调查方法,收集患者社会人口学特征、患病情况、肺结核患病认知与患病感受,运用中文版知觉压力量表(CPSS量表)定量测定患者的心理压力。结果 440名门诊肺结核患者接受了调查,其中437份问卷回收有效。患者心理压力的平均分值为23.89±5.55,处于健康危险性压力(HRS)下的患者占49.20%。不同受教育状况、职业等特征的患者心理压力差异有统计学意义。患病后自感经济负担较大,有自责、担心等负面感受,以及自感被疏远的门诊患者心理压力较大,差异有统计学意义。结论应关注门诊肺结核患者心理压力,加强对低社会阶层、经济负担较重、有负面患病感受以及治疗过程中被疏远的门诊肺结核患者的心理支持。

Objective To explore the stress among outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis and to analyze the factors associated with the stress.Methods An informed consent questionnaire survey was performed among the outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis at designated clinics of tuberculosis in two counties of Zhejiang Province.The data collected included social demographic characteristics,treatment status,perceptions of the disease and the stress status measured by the CPSS scale.Results A total of 440 outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis were interviewed,and 437 valid questionnaires were included in the study.The average score of stress was 23.89±5.55 and 49.20% of the outpatients were at or over health risk stress（HRS） level.There were significantly different stress scores of outpatients at different education levels and with different occupations.The outpatients,who felt economic burdens,had the negative perceptions of self-accusation,had worries,and felt being isolated,scored higher levels of stress.Conclusion TB outpatients＇ Psychological problem should be noticed.The psychological support should be given more to the group who are in low social class,and who are bearing heavy economic burden,negative perception of disease,and sense of isolation.