山核桃油水代法提取工艺研究

Study on Aqueous Extraction of Oil from Carya cathayensis Sarg

研究水代法提取山核桃油的可行性和工艺条件,试图为山核桃油生产提供新的途径。本研究以山核桃为原料,以出油率为指标,在单因素的基础上采用正交试验设计方法研究水代法提取山核桃油的工艺条件。结果表明:影响山核桃油出油率的因素顺序依次为振荡温度、浆液pH和料液比。最佳提取条件为140℃下烘烤45 min、料液比1∶5、浆液pH 5.0、60℃振荡150 min和转速5 500 r/min离心30 min。在此条件下出油率达79.3%,其油以不饱和脂肪酸含量约92%,主要为油酸(C18∶1)、亚油酸(C18∶2)和亚麻酸(C18∶3);饱和脂肪酸质量分数约为7%,主要为棕榈酸。

The feasibility and technical conditions of aqueous extraction process of Carya cathayensis Sarg oil were investigated in order to provide an alternative method for oil extraction from Carya cathayensis Sarg.With the oil extraction rate as the indicators,single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were carried out,the results showed that the order of the main influence factors was：extracting temperaturemixed water pHratio of material to liquid.The optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows：baking 45 min under 140 ℃,the ratio of material to liquid 1∶5,extracting in 60 ℃ water bath at pH 5.0 for 150 min,centrifugal speed 5 500 r/min,centrifugal time 30 min.Under the best conditions,the oil extraction rate was 79.3%.The results showed that the content of unsaturated acid which took up 92% in the fatty acid of Carya cathayensis Sarg oil,and mainly was oleic acid（C18∶1）,linoleic acid（C18∶2）,linolenic acid（C18∶3）;the content of saturated acid which took up 7% in the fatty acid of Carya cathayensis Sarg oil and mainly was palmitic acid.