重要病媒生物及相关传染病综合监测机制探讨

Study of comprehensive monitoring mechanisms for critical vectors and related infectious diseases

目的为充分发挥病媒生物及相关疾病监测的作用,提高对相关传染病的预防和控制能力,将现行的"病媒生物相关疾病监测"与"病媒生物种群密度监测"整合为病媒生物及相关传染病综合监测,达到公共卫生资源共享及合理配置。方法从4个层次探索综合监测工作机制:①省级疾病预防控制机构应急综合监测机制;②市级疾病预防控制机构常规综合监测机制;③县级疾病预防控制机构常规综合监测机制;④特殊大型企业疾病预防控制机构常规综合监测机制。结果应急监测采集到长角血蜱、森林革蜱和血红扇头蜱共89只,捕获淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊2000余只;常规综合监测各监测点共捕获蚊虫42766只,其中淡色库蚊30871只,占捕蚊总数的72.18%,三带喙库蚊10211只,占23.88%,中华按蚊1322只,占3.09%,白纹伊蚊89只,占0.21%,其它蚊种273只,占0.64%。各监测点共捕鼠321只,捕获率为2.03%,其中褐家鼠、小家鼠、黑家鼠、黑线姬鼠分别占捕鼠总数的40.81%、36.76%、19.94%和2.49%。黑家鼠均在胶南市捕获。病原学监测结果显示,在应急监测中,病原体检测蜱阳性2只(均为长角血蜱),蚊虫均为阴性;常规综合监测标本送中国疾病预防控制中心。结论媒介生物性疾病监测与病媒生物种群密度监测整合的综合监测机制能够实现疫情信息、媒介标本及病原体检测结果的共享,对媒介性疾病发生流行的预测预警具有重要意义。

Objective To examine vectors and related disease surveillance,and improve the ability to prevent and control related infectious diseases.To integrate existing vectors-related disease surveillance and vector population density surveillance into a comprehensive monitoring mode,in order to achieve sharing and rational allocation of public health resources.Methods Four levels of comprehensive monitoring mechanisms were explored：1） Pdisease control and prevention;2） Municipal disease control and prevention;3） County-level disease control and prevention;and 4） Disease control and prevention in special large-scale enterprises.Results A total of 89 Haemaphysalis longicornis,Dermacentor silvarum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were captured during emergency monitoring.A total of 2000 Culex pipiens pallens,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,Anopheles sinensis and Aedes albopictus were also collected.Routine comprehensive monitoring captured 42 766 mosquitoes,including 30 871 Cx.pipiens pallens,10 211 Cx.tritaeniorhynchus,1322 An.sinensis,89 Ae.albopictus,and 273 other mosquito species,accounting for 72.18%,23.88%,3.09%,0.21%,0.64%,respectively.Three hundred twenty-one mice were captured at the monitoring spots with a capture rate of 2.03%,including 131 Rattus norvegicus,118 Mus musculus,64 R.rattus,and 8 Apodemus agrarius,accounting for 40.81%,36.76%,19.94% and 2.49%,respectively.R.rattus were only caught in Jiaonan.Pathogenic surveillance during emergency monitoring found two ticks positive for pathogens and no positive mosquitoes.Specimens from conventional comprehensive monitoring were sent to the national Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Conclusion A comprehensive monitoring mechanism integrating vector-borne disease surveillance and population density monitoring could achieve the sharing of epidemic information,vectors and results of pathogen detection.This integration would have great significance to the prediction and early warming of vector-borne disease epidemics.