脆弱人群甲型H1N1流感防制知识和行为调查

Investigation on the Knowledge and Behavior of Influenza A(H1N1) Among Vulnerable Populations

目的了解广东省农民(工)、失业下岗人员、离退休人员等脆弱人群甲型H1N1流感防制知识知晓情况和健康行为形成情况,探讨下一阶段针对脆弱人群的防制措施。方法采用随机抽样的方法抽取调查对象,运用自行设计的调查问卷对调查对象进行调查。结果广东省农民、农民工、离退休人员等脆弱人群甲型H1N1流感基本知识平均知晓率为57.0%,对人感染甲型H1N1流感后传染期知晓率最低(32.9%)。咳嗽遮掩口鼻等6项健康行为平均形成率为49.3%,其中聚餐时总是使用公筷的比例仅为13.6%。不同脆弱人群甲型H1N1流感防制基本知识知晓率和健康行为形成率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲型H1N1流感发生前后,脆弱人群健康行为形成率有差异,甲型H1N1流感发生后脆弱人群健康行为形成率显著高于甲型H1N1流感发生前。结论广东省农民(工)、失业下岗人员、离退休人员等脆弱人群甲型H1N1流感基本知识掌握程度低,健康行为形成比例不高,在面对脆弱人群进行健康教育时,要更多采用分众传播、大众意见领袖和参与式传播方法。

Objective To understand the knowledge and behaviors about the influenza A（H1N1） after the occurrence of influenza A（H1N1） among vulnerable populations in Guangdong province,and research the further prevention and control strategy for vulnerable populations.Methods Random sampling was adopted to select respondents,and the self-designed questionnaire was used for investigation.Results The average awareness rate of basic knowledge about influenza A（H1N1） among vulnerable populations in Guangdong was 57.0%,only 32.9% of vulnerable populations could answer exactly the infect period of the influenza A（H1N1）,and the average formation rate of 6 health behaviors such as cover the muzzle when coughing was 49.3%,in which only 13.6% always used public chopsticks at dinner time.The differences of knowledge awareness rate and behaviors formation rate in different vulnerable groups were statistically significanct（P〈0.05）.After the occurrence of the influenza A（H1N1）,the health behaviors average formation rate of vulnerable populations rose significantly.Conclusions The awareness rate of basic knowledge about influenza A（H1N1） and health behaviors formation rate of the vulnerable populations in Guangdong are low.In the health education for vulnerable population,fragmentation propagate,public opinion leaders and interactive method should be adopted more.