四川和甘肃两省乡镇集中式供水卫生现状比较

Comparison on Sanitation Status of the Township Centralized Water in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces

目的比较四川省和甘肃两省在不同年限投入使用的乡镇集中式供水单位的卫生现状,为进一步贯彻实施GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》提供对策和依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,对四川和甘肃两省乡镇集中式供水单位不同年限的卫生现状进行比较分析。结果乡镇集中式供水中,地表水和地下水水源水质达到Ⅲ类水质要求的比例分别是94.0%和98.6%;地表水水源污染率高于地下水水源,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与2000年前相比,2000年以后投入使用的水厂水净化设施和消毒设施数量且正常运转比例、水源完全处理比例和水源消毒方式较少,其上述比例差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);水质检测率和按规定报送水质监测资料比例较低。水厂投入使用年限越长,自身卫生管理状况越好。结论各类乡镇集中式供水单位应加强自身卫生监督管理;卫生行政执法部门应进一步健全饮水监测体系、加强监测力度,以保障乡镇人群饮水安全。

Objective To compare the sanitation status of the centralized water supply among different years in Sichuan and Gansu province,and provide the countermeasures and evidences for further implementation of hygienic standard ＂the standardization of sanitation for drinking water＂（GB 5749-2006）.Methods A random sampling method was applied,and the sanitation status of the centralized water supply in the villages between Sichuan and Gansu provinces in different years was compared.Results The proportion of water quality meeting Grade III of surface water and groundwater was 94.0% and 98.6%,respectively.The degree of pollution of surface water is statistically significantly higher than that of groundwater（P〈0.01）.Compared with the years before 2000,the number of water purification and disinfection facilities after 2000,as well as the proportion of normal operation,proportion of full processed water resource,the ways of processing water decreased significantly（P〈0.05）.The water quality testing rate and reporting of water quality surveillance decreased in recently years.The longer history of the factory,the better self-administration of sanitary condition will be.Conclusion All kinds of departments of centralized water supply in township level should improve self-supervision of sanitary condition,and the public health administrative law enforcement departments should enhance the water monitoring system to guarantee the safety of drinking water