论北洋政府“划一警制”的举措

On Initiatives of "Unified Police System" of Northern Warlords Government

在清末政府初步创建起近代警察制度的基础上,北洋政府在"划一警制"思想的指导下,在中央和地方实施了一系列举措,对全国警察组织进行整顿。中央设内务部为全国最高的警察机构,下设警政司主管全国警政。首都改组京师警察厅,废除步军统领衙门,设立京师军警联合公所。地方上自上而下形成了省区警务处、省会和商埠地方警察厅、地方警察局、县警察所比较完整的警察网络。传统社会的保甲、地方保卫团和商团成为警察的辅助组织,置于其控制之下。北洋政府"划一警制"的举措,虽为了强化中央集权,但健全了近代警察体系,在近代中国警察制度史上留下重要一笔。

On the basis of a modern police system initially created in the late Qing Government,and under the guidance of the thought of ＂unified police system＂ proposed by Yuan Shi-kai,the Northern Warlords Government implemented a series of measures and means to rectify the national police organization at both central and local levels.Ministry of Internal Affairs for the national police agency was the highest in the Central Department,which consisted of police in charge of the division.In the capital Beijing,the Northern Warlords Government restructured the Metropolitan Police Office,abolished the army of the Yamen——governments,established Metropolitan Police Joint Committee Office.In the regions,the Northern Warlords Government formed a relatively complete police network of,from top to bottom,the provincial police,the provincial capital ports police,the local police and the county police.The ＂unified police system＂ initiatives,although in purpose was to strengthen the centralization,developed the modern police system and marked an important stage in the history of modern Chinese police system.