9～12岁儿童估算策略选择的发展特点

Developmental Characteristics of Computational Estimation Strategy Choices in Children Aged 9～12

认知心理学家和数学教育工作者对于估算在人们日常生活中的作用已形成广泛共识.9～12岁儿童估算策略选择的发展特点有：在估算时能选择多种策略,且策略的使用频率不相同,取整使用最频繁,其次是先补偿,转换和分解策略的使用频次最小;随着问题难度的增加,估算策略选择的最佳击中率降低;随着年龄的增长,估算策略选择的个数增加,估算策略选择的最佳击中率上升;估算策略的选择不存在性别差异。

This study focused on exploring the developmental characteristics of 90 grade 46 （aged 9-12）primary students＇ computational estimation strategy choices through the strategies children choose to solve 24 addition and subtraction computational estimating problems. The results are as follows： （1） Children tend to choose more strategies to solve the problems and the frequency is different： rounding is the strategy that is chosen most frequently and the next is prior-compensation, but the strategies of translation and decompensation are chosen least; （2） with the increasing of difficulty in problems, the best strategy hit rate falls down and with the growing of children＇s age, the number of strategies and the best strategy hit rate goes up; （3） no gender differences exist in the students＇ computational estimation strategy choices.