基于多层线性模型的科研人员项目资源获得影响因素及其效应研究

Analysis of the Factors and Effects of Researchers' Obtainment of Scientific Project Resources Based on HLM Model

本文结合全国范围内的一项抽样调查数据,以多层线性模型(HLM)为分析工具,考察了个体和单位两个层次的因素对科研人员获取项目资源的影响效应及影响机制。研究发现,科研人员在项目资源获得数量上的总体差异,既受性别、教育程度、职称、权力、私人关系等个体特征的影响,也有相当部分差异可以归因于单位类型、科研实力、单位规模等组织属性,后者所能解释的方差比例占到了近五分之一。单位属性既直接影响了不同科研机构的平均项目资源量,也结构性地调整了不同单位内个体特征对于项目资源获得的影响效应。对科研人员项目资源获得及相关的资源分配不平等等问题的探讨,需要重视对结构性、制度性因素(如单位属性)的把握和认识。

Using the hierarchical linear model to analyze a nationwide sampling survey data, this paper discusses the influence of individual characteristics and unit attributes on researchers＇ obtainment of scientific resources and the effect logics. The resluts show that the total differences of the researchers＇ resources are not only attributed to the individual characteristics such as gender, education, title, power and personal relationship, but also the unit attributes such as the type, scientific research capabilities and size. The unit attributes accounted for nearly one fifth of the total variance, not only directly determine the average resources of different units, but also structurally adjust the effect of the individual characteristics on the resources obtainment. To discuss the researchers＇ scientific resources obtainment and the related inequality in resources distribution, this paper emphasizes the structural and institutional factors such as the unit attributes.