二十世纪五六十年代的中国边疆移民

Movement of People to Border Areas in China in the 1950s and 1960s

新中国的边疆移民几乎与新政权的建立同步,从一开始就具有相当大的规模。它是在巩固边防、解决就业、加快边远地区开发建设、应对灾荒等多种因素共同作用下形成的。边疆移民的类型有两种:政府组织的集体移民和农村人口的自发移民。政府组织的集体移民是50年代边疆移民的主流;农村人口的自发移民则贯穿于新中国成立后的前30年。这一时期边疆移民的特点主要是:国家建设状况对移民活动的影响明显,移民工作的组织程度高,移民安置的主渠道是多种形式的公有制经济组织,移民性质复杂等。

Out of considerations for consolidating frontier defense, remitting employment pressure, accelerating development in remote areas and dealing with famine, movement of people to the border areas in a large scale started almost as soon as New China was established. The migration had two forms ： the collective resettlement or- ganized by the government and the spontaneous migration of rural population, with the former being the main- stream in the 1950s, and the latter going on for the first thirty years of New China. The migration of the people to the border areas in this period had the following characteristics： national construction and development had a great bearing on the movement activities ; the migration was highly organized ; the main channel of their resettlement was the various types of public economic organizations ; and the migration displayed complex characters.