2000年来黄土高原地区的人口增长及时空分异

Population Growth and Temporal-spatial Differentiation in Loess Plateau Region in the last 2000 Years

人口是内容复杂、综合多种社会关系的实体,区域的一切经济社会活动都与人口发展过程密切相关。本文基于长时间序列人口数据,利用模型方法和GIS空间分析技术,从时空结合的角度对黄土高原地区过去2000年来的人口增长和和时空分异特征进行了较为系统的分析。结果表明:①黄土高原地区人口总量变化受政策、历史事件及社会稳定程度等因素影响较大,历史时期呈现大幅波动,新中国成立后呈平稳增长的态势;②自然条件差异决定着黄土高原地区人口空间分布的基本格局,经济布局、人口政策、技术进步、资源开发等因素对人口分布格局有一定影响,但影响程度相对较小;③1949年以来,黄土高原地区的人口密度分布格局逐渐形成由东密西疏、南密北疏的半边对半边格局向外围密中间疏的环绕型格局转变的趋势,中心城市的培育和成长是导致人口分布变化的主要原因。

Population research is very helpful in learning a region’s economic and social situation and making a scientific judgment on its development stage.The unique natural environment and social-economic development situation in the Loess Plateau region makes it one of the most noticeable places for researchers.However,population research there is not so common.Combined with historical documents,this paper makes a systematic analysis of distribution and evolution of population in the Loess Plateau region in the past 2000 years by using a series of model and GIS spatial analysis methods.The results are shown as follows.（1） In historical times before 1949,the Loess Plateau region was a main place for dynasties to change and to fight for power.So population development there experienced big ups and downs during that term.But the population evolution then shows a slight increase trend.Population there after 1949 increased at an unprecedented speed and reached the highest level in historical times,as living and service conditions improved a lot.（2） Mainly decided by its natural environment differentiation,the basic distribution of population in the Loess Plateau region showed an extreme unevenness in the historical times.Cultivation of central cities,national and local economic distribution and population development strategy are the main reasons for the changes of population distribution during different times.Other humanistic reasons,like progress in technology or exploration of natural resources,influence population distribution at a comparatively low extent and small scale.（3） Distribution of population density in the Loess Plateau region steadily showed a characteristic of westwardly and northwardly getting sparser and sparser.Population intensely concentrated in the northwest of Henan Province,Fenhe and Weihe river valleys,and other valley plains in the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River,while population density in the windy and sandy regions and the typical loess hilly regions is very low.But as polarization effect of central cities getting stronger,not only population in high density area increased dramatically,population in Hetao Plain,Ningxia Plain and the Qinghai-Gansu region also increased a lot.Although population density in these regions is still far less than that in the southwest valley plain regions,the basic population distribution in the Loess Plateau region is increasingly forming a characteristic of inner low density zones surrounded by outer high-density zones.