石田梅岩思想的公共性

The Concept of Publicity in Ishida Baigan's Thought

石田梅岩作为日本德川时代的庶民儒学者,生前不为人所知,死后却对日本社会产生了巨大的影响。其思想对日本思想史、日本教育史、日本经济史的发展皆产生了积极影响。究其原因,是因为梅岩思想是一种实践性哲学,其思想包含了公共哲学的特点。梅岩认为,"道"是唯一的,所以作为"天之一物"的士农工商之"道"亦是相同的,商人作为皇家之"臣"的"四民"之一与其他阶层是平等的。这是梅岩公共哲学的核心。而作为同是"天之一物"的"四民",虽然身份不同,职分不同,但是追求道德实践的最高境界"与天合一"的终极目标是一样的。因此,"四民"应摒弃个人"私"之立场,为了"公"之幸福,相互信赖,相和相生,共同参与公共世界的实践活动,通过"共动",建立共生的"共福"世界。

Ishida Baigan,a common scholar of Confucianism,believes that 'Dao' is the universal truth.The common subjects of the Japanese Empire are equal to each other.This is the key concept of Baigan's philosophy of publicity.The subjects share the common ultimate objective,which is 'to become one with heaven' in the pursuit of the supreme world for ethic practice,despite their difference in status and profession.They should abandon selfishness for their common interest,trust each other in their common life,and participate in the social practice to the benefit of the publicity.