学前听障儿童声调发音的声学研究

On the Tone Pronunciation for Preschool Children with Hearing Impairments

本研究通过比较20名5岁健听儿童与20名5岁听障儿童声调发音的声学参数,探求听障儿童声调的发音特点。研究结果表明:(1)听障儿童较容易掌握一声调,其一声的起点、终点、斜率与健听儿童无显著差异;(2)听障儿童二声调发音存在异常,其起点显著大于健听儿童,斜率显著小于健听儿童;(3)三声调对于听障儿童的发音难度相当大,35%的听障儿童用平调或降调的形式代替三声调,其他听障儿童三声调起点、终点、折点显著大于健听儿童,听障儿童的三声调斜率k升显著小于健听儿童;(4)听障儿童四声调发音存在异常,其四声调终点、斜率显著大于健听儿童。研究认为从发声层面,听障儿童之所以不能正确掌握二、三、四声调,是因为在声调的关键点不能将基频降低到合适水平。

This study aims to explore the characteristics of tone pronunciation for preschool children with hearing impairments,by comparing the acoustic parameters between 20 5-year-old children in two groups： the normal children and the children with hearing impairments.The findings show the following：（1） The children with hearing impairments can easily grasp the high and level tone from modern standard Chinese pronunciation,and show no significant difference in the high and level tone＇s starting point,ending point and slope,compared with the normal children.（2） The children with hearing impairments show an inaccurate pronunciation of the rising tone,a significantly higher level of the starting point,and a significantly lower level of the slope than the normal children.（3） The pronunciation of the falling-rising tone is considerably difficult for the children with hearing impairments.35% of them substitute the flat or falling tone for the falling-rising tone,and the others show a significantly higher level of the falling-rising tone＇s starting point,lowest point and ending point,and a significantly lower level of the slope.（4） The children with hearing impairments show an inaccurate pronunciation of the falling tone,and a significantly higher level of the falling tone＇s ending point and slope.The reason for the hearingimpaired children＇s inaccurate pronunciation of the latter three types of tones is that they can＇t lower their fundamental frequency to the desired level at the key point of each tone.