不同果园中主要食心虫种群监测与防控技术

The fruit moth population monitoring and control technique in different orchards

利用性信息素和黑光灯系统调查了枣园、桃园中食心虫的种类构成及其种群发生动态,并比较了3种土壤防控措施对桃小食心虫的效果。结果显示:枣园中食心虫的数量由多到少依次为:桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫和桃蛀螟,其中桃小食心虫1年发生2代,发生期为6月上旬至9月下旬,其成虫累积诱捕量随日期的变化符合Sigmoid方程;梨小食心虫1年发生4代,发生期为5月下旬至9月下旬;桃蛀螟1年发生2代,发生期为5月下旬至9月下旬。桃园中以梨小食心虫为主,1年发生4～5代,发生期为5月上旬至9月底,年均性信息素累积诱捕量为8829头/诱捕器,而桃小食心虫和桃蛀螟数量均极少。3种土壤防控措施中,灌水覆膜对桃小食心虫防控效果最好,幼虫出土抑制率为67%,其次为盖草覆膜和盖土拍实。

The species composition and occurrence rules of the fruit moths were investigated in jujube and peach orchards using sex pheromone and blacklight traps.The impacts of three effective management strategies for peach fruit moth were also compared in jujube orchard.The results showed that the important pest in jujube orchard are peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura,oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta（Busck） and yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis（Guene）.The peach fruit moth has 2 generations annually starting from early June to late September.The relationship between days and the accumulative number complies with the Sigmoid equation.The oriental fruit moth has 4 generations annually starting from late May to late September.The yellow peach moth has 2 generations annually starting from late May to late September.In peach orchard the oriental fruit moth emergences mostly but peach fruit moth and yellow peach moth emergence are seldom.The oriental fruit moth has 4-5 generations annually starting from early May to late September.The average accumulative number of the trapped moths by sex pheromone is 8829 per basin per year.The irrigation and film cover has the best impact on over wintering larva of the peach fruit moth emergences from soil which inhibitory rate is 67%.Compared with irrigation and film cover,grass cover and film cover and earth compaction have less impact on the over-wintering larvae.