纺织印染废水及其底泥对太湖花早期发育的毒性研究

Toxicity of printing and dyeing wastewater and sediment on the early development stages of the Hemibarbus maculates in the Taihu Lake

在(25±1)℃水温条件下,以纺织印染废水及其底泥水提液为试验相,采用半静止式生物毒性试验法,分析了纺织印染废水及其底泥对太湖花早期发育阶段的影响,计算了印染废水和底泥水提液对花早期发育各阶段的无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)、可观察效应浓度(LOEC)、可允许毒物浓度(MATC)、半数效应浓度(EC50)、LD50和安全浓度.结果表明,高浓度纺织印染废水和底泥水提液对花的胚胎发育和仔鱼具有明显的毒性效应,对初孵仔鱼的毒性效应最大,96h半数致死剂量(LD50)分别为19.61%和44.83%.胚胎发育前期对纺织印染废水及其底泥水提液的敏感性高于胚胎发育后期.印染废水和底泥水提液对花早期发育的各个阶段均有一定的致死和致畸毒性作用,且随着浓度的不断增加,花受精卵孵化率降低,胚胎发育延缓、畸形及仔鱼运动性差、死亡率增高.

In this study, the toxicity of different concentrations of printing and dyeing wastewater and elutriate of sediment to the early development stages of the Hemibarbus muculates of the Taihu Lake was analyzed with a semi-static toxicity tests under the water temperature of （25 ±1 ） ℃. The results showed that high concentration of wastewater and elutriate had obvious toxicity effect on embryo-yolk sac and young H. maculates, and that the lava was the most sensitive in early development stages with the 96 h 50% lethal dose （LD50） of 19.61% and 44.83% , respectively. The embryos at early stages were more sensitive when exposed to wastewater and elutfiate than at later development stages. The wastewater and elutriate of sediment had the effect of malformation and death on early embryo development and young H. maculates. Upon the higher concentration of the wastewater and elutriate of sediment, the results showed significant changes on delaying embryo development, decreasing hatching rate and survival rate, malformation, higher death rate and decreased movability of the young. We additionally examined the no observed effect concentration （ NOEC）, the lowest observed effect concentration （LOEC） and the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration （MATC） of wastewater and elutriate for early developmental stages, respectively. The 50% effect concentration （ EC50 ） , the 50% lethal dose （ LD50 ） and the safe concentration of wastewater and elutriate for the early developmental stages were also calculated in this study.