心脏临时起搏器在颅外颈动脉支架置入术中的应用观察

Clinical application of transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker in performing extra-cranial carotid angiography and stent implantation

目的观察心脏临时起搏器在颅外颈动脉支架围手术期防治血流动力学紊乱的有效性、安全性。方法 41例行颅外颈动脉支架术高危患者,共置入颈动脉支架47枚,术前经左侧股静脉安置心脏临时起搏器,起搏心率设定为60次/min,术中术后监测患者症状、血压心率变化、起搏器工作情况。结果进行了球囊预扩张的25处颈动脉病变起搏器全部启动,25例患者出现一过性起搏器工作,持续工作最长时间1 d,1例伴发症状性低血压,低血压最长持续4 d。全部患者未出现相关并发症。结论血流动力学紊乱是颅外颈动脉支架置入术围手术期常见的并发症,术前安置心脏临时起搏器可以快速、有效地纠正血流动力学紊乱,防止出现脑卒中等围手术期并发症,对于存在高危因素的患者,是值得推荐的方法。

Objective To assess the safety and effectiveness of transvenous temporary cardiac pacemaker in preventing hemodynamic instability occurred during the perioperative period of extra-cranial carotid angiography and stent implantation. Methods Preoperative install of temporary cardiac pacemaker via left femoral vein was carried out in 41 patients who were at high.risk for developing hemodynamic instability, which was followed by extra-cranial carotid angiography and stent implantation. The pacing rhythm of the pacemaker was fixed at 60 beats/min. During and after the procedure the patients were under close observation for the signs of discomfort symptoms as well as the changes in blood pressure and heart rate. The working condition of the pacemaker was also monitored. Results All the installed pacemakers were technically and hemodynamically effective in producing electrical ventricular responses in all 25 patients who had received balloon dilatation of carotid in advance. Transient pacemaker activation appeared in 25 patients. The longest activation time was one day. During pacemaker activation, one patient developed symptomatic hypotension. The longest duration of hypotension lasted for 4 days. No pacemaker-related or procedure-related complications occurred. Conclusion Hemodynamic instability is a common complication occurred during perioperative period of extra-cranial carotid angiography and stent implantation. As a prophylactic measure, preoperative placement of temporary cardiac pacemaker can promptly and effectively correct the hemodynamic disorders and prevent perioperative complications such as stroke, etc. Therefore, this technique is worth employing in clinical practice, and it is especially useful for patients with high risks.