情境主题餐厅员工地方感特征及其形成原因——以广州味道云南食府为例

Characteristics and Causes of Situational Theme RestaurantStaff's Sense of Place:A Case Study of the Taste-Yunnan Restaurant in Guangzhou

地方感的研究为探讨人地关系提供了新的视角。情境主题餐厅作为能提供特殊体验的一种微观文化空间,为员工构造了一个"异位(heterotopias)"的超现实空间(hyperreality)。本文通过对广州味道云南食府这一典型情境主题餐厅员工的体验式观察和深度访谈,探讨了情境主题餐厅员工对不同尺度空间产生的不同地方感特征及其原因,得出以下结论:①员工对情境主题餐厅及其所处城市的地方感存在差异。他们对餐厅具有强烈的地方认同和地方依赖,对餐厅所处城市具有地方依赖,但对餐厅以外的其他城市空间不存在地方认同;②员工对情境主题餐厅地方感特征产生的原因是餐厅融洽的社交环境、良好的工作和生活环境以及较高认同的情境(文化);③员工对情境主题餐厅所处城市地方感特征产生的原因是城市所提供的良好工作条件、较差的自然环境、低熟悉的城市空间、对家乡的依恋和对"异乡人"的身份认同;④员工对情境主题餐厅及其所处城市的熟悉程度、环境和文化认同程度和归属/依恋程度的差异是员工对两者地方感存在差异的原因。结论对于丰富地方感在微观空间层面的理论与实证研究有重要的价值,能够为城市中其他微观文化空间的地方感研究提供借鉴。

The sense of place is a core issue in the recent geography studies. The meaning of the sense of place is that the special emotional experience is produced by place, and it provides a new perspective to discuss the human-land relationship. However, most of the related studies focus on the sense of place in the macro-spatial dimensions, few of them has paid attention to it in the micro space. Thus, it is necessary to pay more attention to that in micro space. The situational theme restaurant is a kind of theme restaurants with one or more themes that can offer unique cultural atmosphere, food and service, associated with the participatory nature of activities and games, in order to create a place with participative situation and special experience for its customers, and it is also a micro cultural space which constructs a hyperriality different from the external environment for their staff by simulating and duplicating the real world. The Taste-Yunnan Restaurant in Guangzhou is a typical situational theme restaurant, which constructs a micro cultural space by simulating the minority culture in Yunnan Province. Most of the employees are from villages in Yunnan or other places outside Guangzhou. We made an investigation of the staff in the Taste-Yunnan Restaurant using participant observation and in-depth interview based on the dimensions of the sense of place. The main results can be obtained as follows. （1） The staffs senses of place are different between in the situational theme restaurant and external environment. Specifically, they have place identity to and place dependence on the situational theme restaurant which they are working in, but just have place dependence on the external urban space except for the restaurant. （2） The staff has strong place identity to and place dependence on the situational theme restaurant which they are working in, because of the harmonious social context among the staff, good working conditions and living conditions, and staffs cultural identity to the situation which the restaurant constructs. （3） The staff has place dependence on the city, but no place identity to the urban spaces except for the restaurant which they are working in, as the city offers better working conditions, worse natural environment, unfamiliar city space, staffs strong attachment to their hometown as well as their self-identity as ＂others＂. （4） Staffs different familiarities, environmental and cultural identity, and belongingness or attachment to the situational theme restaurant and the city, cause their different place identity to and place dependence on the restaurant and the external environment.