苹果发酵液对缺铁苹果树叶片铁含量及光合特性的影响

Effects on the Iron Content and Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Leaves of Iron Chlorosis Apple Trees with Apple Fermentation Broth

【目的】探讨苹果发酵液对苹果幼树(红富士/平邑甜茶M.domestica cv.Red Fuji/M.hupehensis var.pingyiensis)叶片缺铁黄化的矫正作用。【方法】以两年生苹果幼树(红富士/平邑甜茶)为试材,研究苹果发酵液+FeSO4混合根施后对苹果幼树叶片叶绿素含量、活性铁含量、光合参数的影响。【结果】根施稀释300倍果实发酵液+FeSO4混合液,显著提高苹果幼树叶片的叶绿素含量、活性铁含量和干鲜重比,黄化叶片显著复绿;同时,叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、气孔导度(Gs)和净光合速率(Pn)显著提高。【结论】苹果果实发酵液具有降低碱性土壤pH,并具有一定的螯合铁的能力,苹果发酵液+FeSO4混合根施有利于苹果幼树对铁的吸收、运输和利用,对苹果缺铁黄化症具有良好的矫治作用。

[ Objective ] This study was conducted to discover the effectiveness on the correction of iron chlorosis to the leaves of young apple trees （M.domestica cv. Red Fuji/M.hupehensis var. Pingyiensis） with apple fruit fermentation broth. [Method] In order to find out the effects of apple fruit fermentation broth on the content of chlorophyll, active iron and the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic parameters in leaves, the experiments were carried using the 2 years old apple trees, root application with apple fruit fermentation broth as treatments. [Result] The results showed that apple fruit fermentation broth remedied the iron chlorosis of young apple trees obviously, and significantly increased a series of parameters of leaves such as content of chlorophyll, active iron, specific leaf weight, actual photochemical efficiency of PS II （OpsH）, net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and stomata conductance （Gs）. [ Conclusion] Apple fermentation broth had lower pH of alkaline soil, and has some ability to chelate iron. It was conducive to apple trees of iron absorption, transport and use, and had a good correction effect to the iron chlorosis by applying apple fermentation broth＋FeSO4 to roots.