驯养马麝麝香产量及其影响因素

Variables Determining Average the Annual Musk Production in Captive Alpine Musk Deer

【目的】分析圈养雄性马麝(Moschus sifanicus)的麝香生产,确定马麝个体来源、亲本来源、取香时间、年龄及饲养管理模式对其麝香平均产量的影响,为高生产力麝类驯养及发展可持续麝香供给提供参考。【方法】在甘肃兴隆山马麝繁育场进行人工取香,对取香马麝进行个体识别和数据收集,准确记录麝香产量(用吸水纸吸去表面浮液后的麝香重)。【结果】驯养雄麝的年平均麝香产量为((7.90±0.17)g,n=732),产香区间为0.00—34.20 g;雄麝来源影响其平均麝香产量,野捕雄麝的年均麝香产量((8.76±0.27)g,n=272)显著高于驯养繁殖雄麝((7.39±0.22)g,n=460)(P<0.05),但雄麝父母来源对其平均麝香产量的影响不显著(P>0.05),繁殖前取香和繁殖后取香的麝香产量也缺乏显著差异(P>0.05);受驯养管理模式的影响,马麝麝香产量的年度间差异显著(P<0.05);个体年龄影响其平均麝香产量(P<0.05),麝香产量的高峰年龄段为1.5—8.5岁。【结论】驯养雄性马麝的麝香产量与个体来源、年龄和饲养管理模式有关,父母来源和取香时间对麝香产量无显著效应(P>0.05)。

[Objective] The objective of the study is to explore and determine the musk production patterns and potential influences of variables such as age, origin, management system and musk-extraction season in captive male Alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus）. [Method] During the musk-extraction （October or March） at Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm of Gansu Province, musk production and individual identification data were collected from captive male Alpine musk deers （the water of new extracted musk was absorbed, and then the musk was weighed）. [Result] The annual average musk production （AMP） per animal was （7.90±0.17） g with a range of 0.00 g to 34.20 g （n=732）. The origin of the individual had an influence on AMP, with male wild-captured （WC） individuals recording significantly higher values （（8.76±0.27） g, n=272） than those of captive bred （CB） males （（7.39±0.22） g, n=460） （P〈0.05）, and the origin of parents had no effect on AMP （P〉0.05）. Insignificant differences were found in AMP between musk-extraction seasons （P〉0.05）, but differences in yearly management strategies had a significant impact on AMP （P〈0.05）. The average musk production differed with age, the prime age being from 1.5 to 8.5 years old. [Conclusion] The most influential variables on musk production in musk deer farming are individual origin, age and management measures, with insignificant results suggesting parental origin and musk-extraction season had little impact on production （P〉0.05）.