从“因寺名镇”到“因寺成镇”:南翔镇“三大古刹”的布局与聚落历史

From"a Town Named after Temples"to"a Town That Grew Out of Temples":The History of the Layout of Three Ancient Temples and the Settlement in Nanxiang Town

南翔自聚落形成之日起就与寺院之间纠葛不断,经过宋元明清四朝的不断"层累",其历史已被当地人前推至南朝萧梁时代,从而完成了从"因寺名镇"到"因寺成镇"的型塑。以上过程,直接因应于明中叶以降江南市场发育和市镇聚落拓展等关键历史阶段。作为南翔"三大古刹"之首的南翔寺,不仅参与并见证了南翔镇从兴起到日趋繁荣的历史过程,而且逐渐由单纯的宗教中心发展成为集宗教、商业和行政等职能于一体的重要场所。然而,寺庙并非市场发育的主导"驱动力",南翔镇的形成及成长,乃是空间、制度、商贸、文化等多条脉络交互作用下的产物。

Ever since it was first settled,Nanxiang Town has had an inseparable relationship with its temples and monasteries.Over a long period of constant accumulation,layer upon layer,during the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,the towns history has been traced back by the local people to the Liang dynasty in the Southern Dynasties period,completing the shaping froma town that was named after the temple'toa town that grew out of the temple.'The above process was a direct result of the market development and the expansion of towns and settlements since the middle of the Ming dynasty in the southern part of the lower Yangtze River.The Nanxiang Temple,as the largest of thethree ancient temples'in Nanxiang Town,not only took part in and witnessed the historical development of Nanxiang Town from its birth to its increasing prosperity but also grew from a mere religious center into an important place incorporating the religious,commercial and administrative functions.However,temples were not the dominant driving force behind the market development;the emergence and growth of Nanxiang Town was a result of interactions of multiple factors of space,system,commerce and trade,and culture.