明代隆庆五年废止太医院按摩科的原因探析

Reasons for abolishing the Massage Department of the Imperial Academy of Medicine in the 5th year of Longqing Period of the Ming Dynasty

明隆庆五年（1571），太医院从13科被改为11科，按摩、祝由2科就此不传。嘉靖年间，道士混迹于太医院并成为御医和院使，使得嘉靖帝好道求仙、不问朝政20余年；隆庆年间废止按摩科的原因，首先与隆庆帝和内阁首辅高拱实施的吏治改革有关，他们在吏治改革的背景下，对道士们在官内的大本营——太医院祝由科和按摩科进行了大胆的改革。

In the 5th year of the Longqing Period （1571） of the Ming Dynasty, with the abolish- ment of the Massage and Zhuyou Departments （ the latter with a primitive witch doctor, who was dominant in administering incantations, prayers, fortune telling and medicine） , the number of departments of the Impe- rial Academy of Medicine was reduced from thirteen to eleven. In the Jiaqing Period, Taoists occupied some positions in the Imperial Academy of Medicine. Some of them became imperial doctors or even the presi- dent, which resulted in Emperor Jiaqing pursuing immortality and neglecting duty on national affairs for more than 20 years. The abolishment of the Massage Department was associated with the official system of reform developed by Emperor Longqing and the prime minister, Gao Gong. Against the background of official reform, they also advanced bold reform in the two departments which Taoists occupied.