北京市石景山区中学生饮食行为状况分析

Dietary behavior and its influencing factors among secondary school students in Shijingshan District of Beijing

目的了解北京市石景山区中学生的饮食行为状况及其影响因素,为采取针对性的营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用典型抽样方法,抽取石景山区6所中学,各学校再以班级为单位进行整群随机抽样,对所抽取班级的全体学生1 252名进行《中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》调查。结果中学生的健康饮食行为中,过去7 d里,每天至少吃1次新鲜水果、每天至少吃1次蔬菜、至少5 d喝牛(豆)奶、至少5 d吃早餐的报告率分别为52.62%,79.98%,54.52%,76.69%。非健康饮食行为中,过去30 d里,每天至少1次或以上喝汽水饮料报告率为22.23%;过去7 d里,每天至少1次或以上吃甜点、每天至少1次或以上吃油炸食品、至少3 d吃西餐、至少3 d吃路边摊的报告率分别为26.66%,11.07%,5.70%,8.85%;偏食报告率为40.31%。家庭类型、父亲职业、母亲学历、是否住宿、学习成绩等是某些饮食行为的影响因素。中学生认为自己体重偏重的占42.83%,采取体育锻炼来减肥的占65.82%,同时还存在多种不健康的减肥行为。结论应加强对中学生良好饮食行为的培养,并对不健康减肥行为开展有效的营养干预。

Objective To study the condition of dietary behaviors and its influencing factors among secondary school students in Shijingshan District of Beijing,and to provide bases for adopting pertinent nutrition interventions.Methods A total of 1 252 students（aged 12-19） were chosen from 6 middle and high schools by a stratified cluster random sample,and investigated by using ＂Health-related Risk Behaviors Inventory for Chinese Adolescents＂.Results The reporting rate of healthy dietary behaviors,such as eating fresh fruits once or more every day,eating vegetables once or more every day,drinking milk or soymilk 5 days or more,having breakfast 5 days or more in past 7 days were 52.62%,79.98%,54.52% and 76.69%.The reporting rate of unhealthy dietary behaviors,such as drinking beverage once or more in the past 30 days was 22.23%.The reporting rate of eating sweet food once or more every day,eating fried food once or more every day,eating western fast-food 3 days or more,eating roadside food 3 days or more in the past 7 days were 26.66%,11.07%,5.70% and 8.85%.The reporting rate of food preferences was 40.31%.The major influencing factors of certain dietary behaviors were family type,father’ s occupation,maternal education background,residence,learning achievement,et al.About 42.83% students were self-inductance overweight,65.82% students did physical exercises to control their weight,and there were many kinds of unhealthy weight control behaviors among students.Conclusion It is necessary to cultivate healthy dietary behaviors,and to draw up effective nutritional interventions to unhealthy dietary behaviors and unhealthy weight control behaviors among secondary school students.