全民社保与社区居家养老模式的发展

Universal Social Security System and the Development of the Model of Home-based Caring in Community for the Elderly

在人口老龄化的背景下,社区居家养老模式逐渐成为应对老龄化危机的重要方式。但该模式在资金与服务上面临困境,普惠型的全民社保体系为社区居家养老的发展带来了新的契机。养老保险、社会救助和老年津贴等收入保障制度筑牢了居家老年人经济供养的基础,医疗保险、医疗救助和基层医疗卫生服务等医疗保健制度从经济补偿与服务提供双方面支撑起该模式的发展。但是尚不完善的全民社保制度无法完全解决社区居家养老模式面临的问题与挑战。社区居家养老模式的可持续发展出路在于抓住历史机遇,重构参与主体之责任,充分发挥社区的主体作用,以实现健康老龄化。

While the model of home-based caring in community for the elderly has become an important approach to dealing with the crisis of aging within the context of population aging,it meets with some difficulties in financing and service offering. The model sees opportunities when the universal social security system is being built now. Income security system including pension, social assistance, and old age allowance, makes great contributions to the economic base of caring for the elderly. Health care system, which is composed of medical insurance, medical assistance and health services, plays a significant role in supporting the model in the aspects of financing and service. Nevertheless, the imperfectness of the social security system at present cannot completely solve the problems and challenges the model is facing. To realize the goal of healthy aging, this article argues that the sustainable develop- ment road for the caring model should be the appropriately sharing of responsibilities among govern- ment,family, and community,which must play a fundamental role in the model.