富士康深圳工厂12名员工丛集性自杀原因的回顾性分析

The causes of suicide cluster of 12 workers committed and attempted suicide in Foxconn' s Shenzhen factory:A retrospective study

目的:对富士康深圳工厂丛集性自杀伤亡者进行心理解剖,分析自杀者的精神状况,探讨连续自杀的原因及相关因素。方法:对2010年1月-5月期间富士康深圳工厂的12例自杀进行回顾性分析,每例至少由2名精神科副主任及以上医师通过查阅询问笔录、现场勘查记录、尸检报告以及访视幸存者和知情人等方法分析,精神疾病诊断标准参考ICD-10精神与行为障碍分类。结果:12名自杀者均为外来劳务工,其中8名为男性,4名女性;入职时间均小于24个月,其中9名小于12个月;3例可初步诊断精神病,3例虽有个别症状但不足以诊断精神疾病,6例可初步排除精神病的诊断;8例自杀前表现了自杀危险信号;自杀原因分析显示3例可能与精神症状有关,3例可能与应激性事件有关,4例可能与心理压力过大、理想破灭绝望等原因有关。结论:富士康深圳工厂员工丛集性自杀的原因复杂,包括个体方面罹患精神疾病、面临较大压力、消极应对方式以及工作倦怠;企业缺乏自杀干预和预防知识,封闭的环境、紧张的气氛,以及媒体的密集报道可能是导致自杀事件发生和扩大的原因。

Objective： To analyze the mental state of suicide victims, explore the reason and risk factors of suicide cluster in Foxconn＇s Shenzhen factory. Methods： This was a retrospective study of 12 suicides during Jan 2010 to May 2010. Police reports, autopsy protocols were reviewed, and the survivors and the ones who were famil- iar with victims were interviewed by at least 2 senior psychiatrists. The diagnostic criteria for mental illness were referred to the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Results： Twelve victims were all migrant workers, including 8 males and 4 females. All victims worked in the factory for less than 24 months, 9 worked less than 12 months. Three cases were diagnosed as psychosis, 3 were discovered some symptoms, but not enough to be diagnosed as mental illness, and the other 6 cases not suffered from mental illness. Eight victims displayed some kinds of signs before suicidal actions. Suicidal reason analysis showed that 3 cases were related to psychosis syruptoms, 3 cases to life events, and 4 cases to excessive stress and desperation. Conclusion： The causes of suicide cluster in Foxconn＇s Shenzhen factory are complicated. The individual risk factors include mental illness, excessive psychological stress, negative coping style and job burnout. The enterprise related factors include lacking knowledge of suicide prevention and intervention, isolated environment, and intensive atmosphere after suicide. In addition, inappropriate media reports may also exacerbate suicide clustering.