中国西北部含油气盆地的构造带类型及其复式油气藏(田)初探

Structural Belt Styles and Multiple Oil and Gas Reservoirs/Fields in Petroliferous Basins,Northwestern China

中国西北部含油气盆地具有四大类型有利油气成藏构造带,包括前陆带、中央隆起带、凹陷背斜带和斜坡构造带。前陆带还可分为前陆隆起带、前陆逆冲断裂带及前陆逆冲前锋带三个亚类。这些构造带控制了油气藏的形成与聚集,构成了在垂向上相互叠置、平面上复合连片,形成不同的复式油气聚集区。前陆带主要分布在塔里木盆地西南缘和北缘、准噶尔盆地西北缘和南缘、吐哈盆地北缘、酒泉盆地南缘以及柴达木盆地北缘;中央隆起带仅在塔里木、准噶尔两个盆地发育;凹陷背斜带的典型实例为塔里木盆地英吉苏凹陷中部的英南构造带,另外还包括塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷哈德逊东河砂岩不整合超覆尖灭带和准噶尔盆地漠区坳陷的莫西断鼻等;斜坡构造带以柴达木盆地红柳泉斜坡构造带为代表,它由地层不整合圈闭和地层超覆圈闭形成复合构造样式。

There are four types of structural belts favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation,which include the foreland belts,the central uplift belts,the sag anticline belts,and the slope belts,in the petroliferous basins,northwestern China.The foreland belt can be divided into the foreland uplift,the foreland thrust fault and the foreland thrust front subbelts.These structural belts dominated hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and resulted in different multiple areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in longitudinal superposition and lateral continuance.The foreland belts are mainly distributed in the southwestern and the northern margins of Tarim Basin,the northwestern and the southern margins of Junggar Basin,the northern margin of Turpan-Hami Basin,the southern margin of Jiuquan Basin and the northern margin of Qaidam Basin.The central uplift belts are distributed only in Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin.The sag anticline belts,for some typical examples,include the Yingnan anticline belt in the middle Yengisu Sag in Tarim Basin,the Donghe-sandstone unconformity overlapping-pinching out belt in Mangar Sag in Tarim basin,and the Moxi faulted nose belt in Moqu Depression in Junggar Basin,and others.The slope belts are represented by the Hongliuquan slope belt in Qaidam Basin,where it is composed of stratigraphic unconformity traps and stratigraphic overlapping traps as multiple structural styles.