辽金诗僧与僧诗

Monk Poetry and Poets in the Liao and Jin Dynasties

辽金两朝诗僧可分为职业僧人和准职业僧人两种类型,前者的人数远远多于后者。其群体特征主要有三:丰富的漫游、访学经历有利于他们佛学知识、佛教活动经验的积累和陶冶诗情、增长诗才、提高诗艺;绝大多数诗僧有很高的文化水平和文学创作能力;很多诗僧都具有深厚的佛学素养并在宗教事业或社会发展方面有显著贡献和历史地位。从创作的主题取向上来看,辽金僧诗的成就主要体现于佛理禅机诗、酬赠君主诗、抒发感触诗、表现俗情诗和山居修行诗五大类型的题材。辽金僧诗的独特魅力表现在多述山林幽隐之兴的"蔬笋气"和借佛典禅籍中的话语入诗、造意两个方面。

The monk poets in the Liao and Jin Dynasties can be divided into clergies and quasi clergies, with the first type ,far outnumbering the latter. The monk poets had three characteristics： excursion and visits to scholars help increase their Buddhist knowledge, enrich their Buddhist activities, sharpen their poetic psyche, grow their poetic ability and improve poetic skills; most monk poets were well educated and very able in literary creation; many monk poets were well-acquainted with Buddhism and stood out with their contributions to religious cause or social development. Their poetry can be divided into five types： those about Buddhism and Zen, those presented to the monarchy, those expressing personal emotions, those touching worldly feelings and those about reclusive life. The unique charm of these poems is the ＂vegetable air＂ of reclusive life and the borrowing of Buddhist terms into poetry.