抚顺市重性精神病患者及其家属受歧视状况的研究——创建和谐社会,专家进社区活动之一

Experience of stigma among severe psychopath and their family members and attitudes of different groups about this stigma

目的:了解重性精神病患者及其家属受歧视状况,探讨歧视对重性精神病患者及其家属的影响。方法:应用患者和家属受歧视的问卷以及不同人群对精神病的社会歧视问题的看法的问卷对抚顺地区的重性精神病患者(93例)、重性精神病患者家属(91例)、社区居民(92例)和精神科医护人员(100例)进行调查。结果:30%以上的患者报告他们受到了单位不公正的待遇、被邻居看不起并导致恋爱或者婚姻失败。49%的患者家属报告为避免歧视把患者患精神病的事对外保密。全部四组受试中,75%以上的人相信歧视会给家属造成很大的心理压力,70%以上的人相信歧视会降低患者的自信心,60%以上的人相信歧视严重影响患者的生活。与社区组人群相比较,精神病患者、家属和精神科医务人员更同意精神病患者及其家属受歧视是常见现象;与其他三组比较患者更相信歧视对他们的生活带来严重影响。四组人群均认为歧视会给精神病患者的家属带来严重的影响。结论:重性精神病患者遭遇到的歧视突出的表现在与其个人生活密切相关的工作、婚姻和人际交往上。社会的歧视对患者及其家属的心理和社会生活产生了严重影响。

Objective：To understand the characteristics of stigma experience by severe psychopath and their family members,and discussed the effects of stigma on them.Methods：93 severe psychopaths,91 family members of severe psychopath,92 community members and 100 psychiatric doctors and nurses completed the questionnaire which is about the experience of stigma among severe psychopath and their family members.Results： More than 30% patients reported they were ill-treated by their work units,looked down by their neighbors,and resulted in failures of love affair or marriage.49% family members reported that they kept the patient＇s psychiatric as a secret in fear of stigma.Of all the four groups of respondents,more than 75% believed that stigma could put much pressure on their family members;more than 70% believed that stigma could reduce the patient＇s self-confidence;more than 60% believed that stigma could badly influence the patient＇s life.Compared with community members group,severe psychopath and family members and mental health workers believed that stigma on severe psychopath and their family members were very common;compared with the other three groups,severe psychopath believed that stigma could greatly harm their life.All the four groups believed that stigma could greatly harm the family members＇ life.Conclusions： The stigma on severe psychopath was mainly in three aspects that were closed related with their daily social activities： job,marriage and basic social interaction.Stigma badly influenced the psychic and social life of patients and their family members.