深圳市外来育龄女工血叶酸水平及知信行调查

Survey on blood folic acid level and knowledge, attitude and practice about it amongmigrant reproductive female workers in Shenzhen

目的 了解外来育龄女工血清叶酸水平及对叶酸等相关知识的知晓率与受教育程度、经济收入和年龄等的相关性,促进育龄女工对出生缺陷预防的认识.方法 采用自行编制问卷对深圳市观澜外来育龄女工820名（流动组）和常住育龄女工336名（常住组）进行调查,调查同时进行相关知识的健康宣教,并对相关指标进行单因素分析.结果 在参与调查的1 156名育龄妇女中,仅116名（10.0%）知晓叶酸的生理作用;360例（31.1%）知晓胚胎发育早期体内叶酸缺乏可能会影响胎儿神经系统的发育;育龄女工的年龄、经济收入和受教育程度可能与叶酸缺乏后果的知晓率有关;流动组血清叶酸和红细胞叶酸水平均低于常住组,但差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）;流动组血清和红细胞叶酸减低发生率均高于常住组,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为18.987和19.581,均P〈0.05）;职业类别中流动组普工血清和红细胞叶酸减低发生率高于非普工,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为17.356和21.312,均P〈0.05）,文化程度中流动组和常住组初中或以下者血清叶酸减低发生率均高于高中或以上者,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为18.875和25.345,均P〈0.05）.结论 育龄妇女对叶酸的知信行较低,需进一步加强育龄妇女尤其是外来育龄女工对叶酸知识的认识.

Objective To investigate the blood folic acid of migrant reproductive female workers and the association between their knowledge, attitude and practice （PAK） related with folic acid and education level, income and age, so as to improve their cognition on birth defect prevention. Methods Self-developed questionnaires were used to investigate 820 migrant reproductive female workers （floating group） and 336 resident reproductive female workers （resident group） in Shenzhen Guanluan, and health education on relevant knowledge was provided during survey. Univariate analysis was made on relevant indexes. Results Of 1 156 participants, only 116 （10.0%） knew the function of folio acid and 360 （31.1%） knew that the folio acid deficiency would affect neural development of embryo. The age, income and education level of them might be related with the cognition on folic acid deficiency. The level of blood serum folic acid and red blood cell folic acid in floating group was lower than that of resident group, but the differences were not statistically significant （ both P 〉 0.05 ）. The rate of folic acid deficiency in blood serum and red blood cell were higher in floating group and the differences were significant （X2 was 18. 987 and 19. 581 respectively, both P 〈0.05）. The rate of folic acid deficiency in blood serum and red blood cell in common workers was higher than non-common workers, and the difference was significant （X2 value was 17. 356 and 21. 312 respectively, both P 〈 0.05 ）. In both groups the rate of folie acid deficiency in blood serum in workers with junior high school education or lower was higher than that in workers with senior school education or higher, and it had significant difference （X2 value was 18. 875 and 25. 345 respectively, both P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion PAK about folic acid among reproductive women is relatively weak, and it is necessary for them especially for migrant reproductive female workers to strengthen their cognition on folic acid.