赫尔德与文化民族主义思想传统

Herder and the Ideological Tradition of Cultural Nationalism

赫尔德是18世纪后期德国最重要的思想家之一,被誉为"文化民族主义之父"。其思想中的民粹主义、表现主义、多元主义和民族归属等观念,深刻地影响了后世的文化民族主义思想传统。从著名思想家伯林对赫尔德的论述入手,可以系统地看到赫尔德文化民族主义的思想背景、核心观念、基本逻辑、文学意义等问题,尤其是赫尔德与文化民族主义思想传统之间的关系,以及他的历史主义、多元主义思想与相对主义观念之间的差异,同时警惕其思想的负面效果。

Johann Gottfried Herder is one of the most important German thinkers in the late 18th century,and has been regarded as 'the father of Cultural Nationalism'.His thought on Populism,expressionism,pluralism,and the notion of belonging,has influenced profoundly on the ideological tradition of Cultural Nationalism thereafter.This paper starts from the discussion of the important ideological historian Isaiah Berlin,then the background,core concepts,basic logic,and literary significance of Herder's Cultural Nationalism are systematically studied,and especially,the relation between Johann Gottfried Herder the ideological tradition of Cultural Nationalism is explored.At the same time,the difference between historicism,pluralism and relativism is identified,which can help to prevent the negative effect of Herder's thought.