宋人的同年观念及其对同年关系的认同

The Song People's Idea about T'ung-nien Relation and Their Self-identity with T'ung-nien Relation

同年是科举时代新出现的一种人际关系。当唐宋之世,同年概指同一年通过科举考试而入仕的人们之间的同榜关系。在科举制度成为选拔官员的重要途径的宋代,象征着友情的同年关系被视为是融友情、亲情于一体的重要的社会关系,同年如朋友、同年即兄弟的观念普遍存在。广大士人通过各种方式对同年关系加以追叙与认同,这种基于提高社会地位、增加仕进机会、扩大交游网络等目的的认同活动,对士流社会及国家政治有着重要而深远的影响。

T'ung-nien was the new interpersonal relationship at the time of imperial examination.In the Tang and Song Dynasty,T'ung-nien refered to the connection among candidates who passed the imperial examination and entered into officialdom at the same year.In the Song Dynasty,the imperial examination had been an important way to select officials.T'ung-nien which symbolized friendship was regarded as an important social connection blending friendship and affection in one.The idea that T'ung-nien were friends or brothers was widespread.The majority of scholars flashbacked and identifyed with T'ung-nien Relation in any way.The Self-identity based on improving the social status,increasing the opportunity of grabbing power and expanding Personal network of friends.It had an important and far-reaching impact to the scholars' class and the country' politics.