颌面部爆炸伤的研究进展

Research progress on maxillofacial blast injury

易燃易爆物所引起的人体颌面部的爆炸性损伤与常规外伤既有相同点,又有其独特的致伤因素。爆炸主要以高速破片、冲击波、化学烧伤3个方面对机体造成损伤,呈现出多发伤、复合伤、异物伤等特点。当爆炸发生于颌面部时,除引发牙颌损伤外,易伴发颅脑与呼吸道的损伤,引起休克或窒息。通过雷管、球形爆炸源等建立实验动物的爆炸伤模型,对分析了解爆炸伤的特点和治疗作用具有重要的意义。本文从爆炸伤的致伤机制、损伤特点和实验动物研究进行综述,并阐述了临床对爆炸伤的处理原则。

The maxillofacial blast injury caused by explosive materials has not only something in common with the general trauma, but also its special risk factors. Blasts cause injuries with high speed fragments, blast wave, and chemical burn. The blast presents multiple, combined and foreign body injury features. When blast occurred on maxillofacial areas, craniocerebral and respiratory injuries may be associated with dental and maxillofacial injuries which would cause shock or suffocate. Experimental animals of blast injury model do a great help to understand the blast injury and treatment principle. This paper reported the mechanisms of blast injury, injury characteristics and animal researches. At last, we reviewed the clinical principles for treatment of blast injury.