正畸支抗用微种植钉对牙根和牙周组织造成的损伤及损伤后的组织学变化

Histological changes on damage of the roots and surrounding structures with miniscrew implants

正畸支抗用微种植钉作为绝对支抗装置已广泛应用于临床正畸治疗中,但是微种植钉存在损伤牙根和牙周组织的风险,其中种植钉的材质、直径、长度、植入角度、加载方式、加力大小、方向、时机与损伤的发生有关。本文就微种植钉损伤牙齿的影响因素、最佳植入位置、最易发生损伤的植入部位、损伤后的组织学变化、临床转归、并发症和预防措施等作一综述。

Anchorage control is important for efficient orthodontic treatment. Osseointegration of implant-bone encouraged orthodontists to use implants as stationary anchorage. However, it has some defects such as root damage. This article was to explain factors significantly contributing to damage; histological changes and turnover of the damage, location-related factors （vertical position, sagittal position, placement side）, implant-related factors （ma- terial, length, diameter）, insertion-related factors （mode, direction, moment） and orthodontic-related factors （mode of loading） have positive effects on the damage. After minicrew contacts the tooth, the majority show repair and almost complete healing within a few weeks after removal of the screw or the orthodontic force without complications.