轮作叶菜对大棚番茄连作基质重复利用效果的影响

Effect of rotating different leaf vegetables with tomato in plastic tunnel on reuse of continuous cropping substrate

【目的】在大棚连作有机基质中轮作不同种类的叶菜,比较其对缓解或消除番茄连作障碍的效果。【方法】于大棚果菜冬闲季节,在连续栽培2茬番茄的有机基质中分别轮作蒜苗、小白菜和油麦菜,以基质冬闲为CK1,新配同配方基质为CK2,新配草炭基质为CK3,后茬再种植番茄,测定轮作叶菜的效果。【结果】除CK1的EC值变化较大外,其他处理基质栽培前后的EC、pH、体积质量、总孔隙度的变化幅度很小,均在适合番茄生长的范围内;轮作叶菜后基质中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有不同程度的降低;在整个生长期,轮作蒜苗或小白菜处理的番茄生长及根系还原强度均比CK1有显著优势,与CK2和CK3接近且无显著差异;轮作蒜苗处理的番茄小区产量与CK3无显著差异,且显著高于其他处理;轮作小白菜处理和CK2次之,CK1最低。轮作蒜苗处理番茄果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和番茄红素含量及糖酸比均较高,品质较好,与CK2和CK3差异不明显。【结论】连作2茬番茄的有机基质再种番茄后表现出了明显的连作障碍;对于连作基质,在大棚冬闲季节轮作叶菜可减轻或消除连作障碍,轮作蒜苗后再种植番茄,番茄生长、产量和品质均能达到理想的效果。

【Objective】The study was done to compare the effects of rotating different kinds of leaf vegetables in continuous cropping organic substrate on reducing or eliminating the continuous cropping obstacle of tomato under plastic tunnel cultivation.【Method】Green garlic,no-heading Chinese cabbage and leaf lettuce were respectively planted in the substrate with two season continuous production of tomato during winter fallow season under plastic tunnel.Tomato was planted as the aftercrop to investigate the effects of leaf vegetable rotation taking winter fallow substrate as CK1,the fresh substrate of the same formula as CK2 and the fresh substrate with peat and perlite as CK3.【Result】Except for the obvious change in EC value for the substrate of continuous cropping treatment,there is little alteration in EC value,pH value,bulk density and total porosity in the substrates of the other treatments before and after crop cultivation.That means those substrates are relatively stable in physical and chemical properties which are all within the optimal range for tomato growing and are appropriate for reuse to grow tomato.The contents of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in substrate of different treatments are decreased by different degrees after rotating of different leaf vegetables.The plant growth and root vigor of aftercrop tomato during the whole growth period in treatment A and B show significant predominance to CK1 and close to or not significantly different from CK2 and CK3.The yield of tomato in treatment rotated with green garlic shows no significant difference from CK3 but significantly higher than CK2.The effect of rotating no-heading Chinese cabbage is just next to rotating green garlic.However,winter fallow（CK1） presents the lowest yield.As for fruit quality,the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,lycopene and sugar-acid ratio are higher in tomato rotated with garlic which show no significant difference from CK2 and CK3.【Conclusion】The substrate after two season growing of tomato shows visible continuous cropping obstacle if the aftercrop tomato is grown.Rotating leaf vegetables with tomato on tomato continuous cropped substrate during winter fallow season under plastic tunnel cultivation can reduce or eliminate continuous cropping obstacle,and rotating green garlic shows the best and ideal effects on aftercrop tomato in plant growth,fruit yield and quality.