冷战后欧美国家承认研究——国际机制有效性的视角

A STUDY ON EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN NATIONAL RECOGNITION AFTER THE COLD WAR—FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VALIDITY OF INTERNATIONAL MECHANISM

西方欧美国家一直是国际法中国家承认构成说的坚定支持者。有研究指出,在冷战后,欧美国家在国家承认的规则中增加了越来越多的诸如民主和人权等规范性内容。但是,从机制有效性角度出发,通过对冷战后全球出现的38个政治实体进行统计分析后发现,关于欧美国家承认中规范性规则并不是有效的,因为它既不是欧美主要国家决定是否承认这些政治实体的关键因素,同时,也没有改变这些政治实体的行为,比如,促进政治实体内部的自由度。相反,传统承认标准,比如居民、确定的领土、政权组织和主权,仍然是获得欧美国家承认的必要条件。之所以如此,一个重要原因是国家承认机制问题所具有的特殊属性。

Western countries have always been a solid supporter for the theory of national recognition in the international law.A research points out that America and European countries have added to the content of those regulations of national recognition after the cold war with democracy and human rights.However,from the perspective of validity in mechanism the author analyzes the 38 political entities appearing after the cold war,and finds that those regulations are not effective because they are not the key factors in American and European decisions of whether to admit those political entities or not.These regulations didn't change the behaviors of those political entities,either,not improving freedom in the political entities.On the contrary,the traditional national recognition standards are still necessary to gain the acknowledgement of America and European countries,such as the residents,definitive territory,government and sovereignty,which is due to the special feature of national recognition mechanism.