从君主专制制度合法性视角透视清王朝的覆亡

AN INSPECTION OF THE FALL OF QING EMPIRE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE LEGALITY OF AUTOCRATIC MONARCHY

近代以来,随着西方民主与宪政思想在中国的宣传与传播,中国民众在思想观念上逐渐觉悟,对沿袭了两千多年之久的君主专制制度合法性产生了根本性的怀疑、动摇与否定,推崇西方民主制度。这样,清王朝统治的合法性发生了前所未有的危机,尽管清王朝为挽救这种合法性危机进行了一系列政治改革,但这些改革却事与愿违,引发了更深层的社会矛盾与冲突,终究无法挽救最终覆亡的命运。

In the modern time,western thoughts of democracy and constitution have spread in China.Influenced by these thoughts,Chinese people gradually became politically conscious and valued western democratic system.The legality of autocratic monarchy which had existed in China for more than two thousand years is fundamentally doubted,shaken and denied.So,the legality of the reign of Qing Empire has encountered unprecedented crisis.Qing Dynasty carried out a series of political reforms to save its reign.However,on the contrary,the reforms triggered more complex social contradictions and conflicts.Inevitably,Qing Dynasty could not get away from the fate of fall.