油菜-小麦邻作与小麦单作对小麦田节肢动物功能团的影响

The effects of wheat planted adjacent to rape and wheat monoculture on the functional group of arthropods in wheat fields

[目的]揭示在油菜-小麦邻作和小麦单作模式下昆虫群落的变化,为实际小麦生产提供理论上的依据。[方法]将小麦田和油菜田交界处设为0m,在距0m处2、4、6、8、16m(包括0m)处设立试验小区,记录节肢动物数量,计算主要特征参数。[结果]临近油菜的小麦上蚜虫丰盛度最低,主要天敌丰盛度最高;距离油菜0m处麦蚜亚群落稳定性较好;距离油菜0m处捕食性天敌亚群落稳定性最高,16m处最低;邻作小麦田昆虫群落稳定性高于单作小麦田;油菜-小麦邻作可以降低6m以内蚜虫种群数量,增加6m内捕食性天敌的数量以及4m内捕食性天敌的多样性。[结论]油菜与小麦邻作对于麦蚜的防治有一定的作用,但控制范围有限。

[Objective]To uncover the change of the insect community in rape-wheat adjacent planting and monoculture wheat fields to provide a theoretical practical basis for the wheat production.[Method]The junction of wheat and rape fields was designated as 0 m as the base,and the test regions in 2,4,6,8,16 m away from the base（including 0 m） were established,in which the quantity of arthropods was recorded,and main characteristic parameters calculated.[Result]The abundance of aphids was the lowest in the wheat fields near rape.However,the abundance of major natural enemies was the highest;in the wheat planted adjacent to rape,the stability of aphids and major natural enemies in the wheat fields were the highest at 0 m distance,but the lowest were at 16 m distance;furthermore,the stability of insect communities in the wheat fields was higher on the wheat planted adjacent to rape than on wheat monoculture;adjacent planting could reduce the quantity of aphids within 6 m,and increase the quantity of predatory natural enemies within 6 m,or increase predatory natural enemy diversity.[Conclusion]Rape-wheat adjacent planting mode could control the quantity of aphids,but the control range was limited.