当归内生真菌抗植物病原菌的活性研究

Antiphytopathogenic activities of endophytic fungi from Angelica sinensis

[目的]从当归内生真菌中筛选抗小麦赤霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌等植物病原菌的有益菌株,并筛选代谢产物中的抑菌活性部位。[方法]采用平板拮抗法对抗性菌株进行初步筛选,采用抑制菌丝生长法以及抑制孢子萌发法筛选有益内生真菌代谢产物中的抑菌活性部位。[结果]抗小麦赤霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌的内生真菌较多,分别占24.3%和28.6%。对小麦赤霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌以及水稻纹枯病菌生长抑制作用较强的内生真菌包括5个属8个菌株,其中6个菌株只对1种病原菌菌丝生长有抑制作用。此外,对4种植物病原真菌孢子萌发具有抑制作用的内生真菌超过20%,其中内生真菌Myxormiasp.2和Myxormiasp.4的提取物对4种植物病原真菌孢子萌发的抑制作用显著,抑制率达到90%以上。通过对有益内生真菌代谢产物的分析表明,乙酸乙酯提取部位对植物病原真菌菌丝体和孢子萌发的抑制作用相对较强。[结论]具有抗菌活性的当归内生真菌及其次生代谢产物具有丰富的多样性。

[Objective]The antiphytopathogenic activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Angelica sinensis and their metabolites were studied.[Method]Beneficial endophytic fungi and active parts in their metabolites were screened by microbial antagonism test,mycelium growth inhibition and spore germination inhibition test.[Results]The numbers of endophytic fungi inhibiting Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria solani were 24.3% and 28.6%,respectively.Endophytic fungi with higher inhibition activity on F.graminearum,A.solani,Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani included 8 strains belonging to 5 genera.And 6 strains inhibited the growth of only one pathogenic fungus.In addition,the rate of endophytic fungi,which could inhibit the spore germination of four phytopathogens,was more than 20%.Inhibition rates of Myxormia sp.2 and Myxormia sp.4 on spore germination reached above 90%.Inhibition of acidic acetone extract against the growth and spore germination was obvious.[Conclusion]The results showed that endophytic fungi and their metabolites with bioactivities were abundant.