2009年黑龙江和吉林省马铃薯晚疫病菌表型结构研究

Phenotypic studies on Phytophthora infestans in Heilongjiang and Jilin in China in 2009

为明确2009年黑龙江和吉林两省马铃薯主产区晚疫病菌的表型特征,本研究对所采晚疫病菌的交配型、甲霜灵抗性及生理小种分别进行了测定。结果表明:被测黑龙江(46株)和吉林(48株)两省的菌株均为A1交配型。黑龙江省被测菌株甲霜灵高抗、敏感菌株各占50%;吉林省被测菌株中高抗、敏感菌株分别占70.8%、29.2%;两省均未发现中抗菌株。其中采自吉林敦化菌株均为高抗菌株,采自吉林榆树的菌株均为敏感菌株,甲霜灵抗/感比例地区间差异明显。在被测33个黑龙江菌株中发现24个生理小种,而吉林49个菌株中发现19个生理小种,其中9个生理小种两省共有。另外,两省被测菌株中还发现了18株"超级毒力小种"。因此,建议加强种薯监测,防止A2交配型传入;在生产上使用甲霜灵类药剂防治马铃薯晚疫病应该以菌株的抗性监测数据为依据;进一步加强生理小种监测,合理布局抗病品种。

The isolates of Phytophthora infestans from Heilongjiang and Jilin were tested in 2009.Mating type,metalaxyl-resistance and physiological race were assayed.The results showed that all of the P.infestans isolates collected from Heilongjiang and Jilin were mating type A1.The test for metalaxyl-resistance indicated that the ratio of resistant and sensitive isolates was 1∶1 in Heilongjiang and the ratio of resistant and sensitive isolates in Jilin was 70.8∶29.8.Intermediate isolates were not found in the two provinces.But all of the isolates from Dunhua were resistant and the isolates from Yushu were sensitive.The proportion of resistant and sensitive isolates was markedly different in different areas.Twenty-four races were identified in Heilongjiang（33） and 19 races were identified in Jilin（49）,and there were 9 races co-existing in the two provinces.Eighteen isolates were ＂super virulence race＂.Therefore,in order to prevent the introduction of A2 mating type,we should strengthen the monitoring of seed potato,and the determination of P.infestans races for appropriate distribution of resistant varieties.The use of metalaxyl in the potato production should be based on the resistance monitoring data.