城市防洪减灾能力评价问题的探讨

Evaluation of urban flood control and disaster reduction capacity

从工程措施和非工程措施2个方面综述了城市防洪减灾能力评价体系的研究进展.工程措施防洪能力主要从堤防、河道、湖泊调蓄、水库调蓄、分蓄洪区、排水设施、城市基础设施承灾能力7个方面进行评价;非工程措施防洪能力主要从预测预报预警能力、救援与恢复能力、社会基础支持能力、灾害管理政策法规及科普宣教能力4个方面进行评价.对防洪减灾能力评价方法进行了探讨,认为层次分析法和模糊综合评判法是评价城市防洪减灾能力较为合适的方法.

This paper provides an overview of research on the evaluation index system for urban flood control and disaster reduction capacity including the structural measures and non-structural measures for flood reduction. The structural measures for flood control were evaluated from seven aspects, including embankment construction, channel improvement, lake storage, reservoir storage, flood storage and detention, establishment of discharge facilities, and construction of urban infrastructure. The non-structural measures for flood control were evaluated on the capabilities of forecasting and early warning, rescue and recovery, social support, disaster management, policy, and science popularization. The methods for evaluation of flood control and disaster reduction are also discussed. It is concluded that the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods are suitable for evaluation of urban flood control and disaster reduction capacity.