广东梅州地区客家人9项人类群体遗传学指标的研究

Study on 9 human population genetic characters of Hakka of Meizhou in Guangdong

为探究广东省梅州地区客家人9项头面部遗传学指标,应用随机群体抽样方法法,对该地区203名中学生(男68名,女135名)9项人类群体遗传学指标(内眦褶、上眼睑皱褶、门齿类型、鼻梁类型、鼻孔形状、下颏类型、耳垂类型、额头发际、头发类型)进行研究,分析了9项人类群体遗传学指标相互间的关系,并将其与我国部分省份群体的9项遗传学指标进行比较.结果表明:(1)内眦褶率、上眼睑有皱褶率、鼻孔形状、鼻梁类型、下颏类型性别之间存在统计学意义.(2)广东梅州地区客家人有内眦褶率、鼻孔窄型率、有耳垂率在我国族群中居较低水平;铲型门齿率、下颏突型率、额头发际有尖率、卷发率在我国族群中居较高水平;上眼睑有皱褶率、鼻梁凸型率在我国族群中居中等水平.(3)广东梅州地区客家人头面部9项指标中鼻孔形状-鼻梁形状和鼻孔形状-耳垂类型存在相关性.(4)广东梅州地区客家人9项人类学指标出现率具有南方族群特征.

To analyze 9 human population genetic character of the of Hakka in Guangdong.The random sampling method is used to study 9 human population genetic character of 203 students（68 males and 135 females） of Hakka in Guangdong province.It can get following conclusion：⑴ There are significant sexual differences on 5 characters,including Mongoloid fold,Eyefold of the upper eyelid,Nasal profile,Chin typ and f Nostril type.⑵ Mongoloid fold,narrow nostril and ear lobe appearance of Hakka have low percentages in Chinese ethnic groups,but there are high percentages in the percentages of shovel-type incisor,projection chin,forehead hair point and curly hair.The percentages of eyefold of the upper eyelid and projecting nasal profile has the middle level in Chinese ethnic groups.⑶ Nostril type-Nasal profile and Nostril type-Lobe types are correlations among 9 characters of head and face.（4） The 9 human population genetic characters of Hakka from Guangdong have the characteristics of southern ethnic groups.