大学—产业知识转移政策及其有效实施条件——基于美、日、中三版《拜杜法案》的比较分析

University-Industry Knowledge Transfer Policy and Its Effective Implementation Conditions——Based on Comparative Analysis on U.S.,Japan,and China Versions of Bayh-Dole Act

美国的《拜杜法案》及其成效对全世界大学—产业知识转移政策的冲击巨大。受其影响,日本和中国分别在1999年和2007年制定了日本版的《拜杜法案》和中国版的《拜杜法案》。然而,日本版《拜杜法案》制定之后并未立竿见影,反而是在2004年国立大学法人化改革之后才初见成效。通过美、日、中的深度比较和案例分析发现,大学在科学研究和专利管理方面的自主和灵活程度是充分发挥《拜杜法案》政策潜力的重要条件。中国未来政策调整的重点是,在完善大学—产业知识转移机构和机制的同时,对大学进一步赋权和放权,促进大学—产业知识转移途径更加多元、更有弹性、更具活力。

Bayh Dole Act of U. S. has a huge impact on the other countries＇ policies on university-industry knowledge transfer. Japan and China have respectively made its own act in 1999 and ：2007 respectively. However, Japan＇s act did not have much effect until the national university reform in 2004. Through the comparative analysis on U. S. , Japan, and China policies, we found that, scientific research and patent management flexibility of university is the implementation conditions that the Bayh - Dole Act takes effect. In the future, China＇s future policy adjustment should focus on perfecting its knowledge transfer mechanism, and further empowering university and decentralizing rights, to promote the university-industry knowledge transfer more diverse, more flexible, and more dynamic.