闽南晋江与闽东霞浦两地明教史迹比较

Comparison of Historical Sites Between Jinjiang in South Fujian and Xiapu in East Fujian

摩尼教从西方传入中国,盛唐时期在国内曾有过较大的影响,唐武宗时被禁止,遭受到严重的打击,故转移到当时比较偏远的福建,改名明教,在东南沿海一带继续活动。通过对晋江、霞浦新近发现的一批有关明教的文献记录、文物古迹及民间传承的宗教活动和科仪文书互相对照、分析,可以较清晰地看到摩尼教(明教)在福建东南沿海的活动轨迹———自呼禄法师"来入福唐,授侣三山,游方泉郡"之后,西来的摩尼教改名为明教,着意吸收佛教及道教的文化元素,在民间发展甚盛。晋江、霞浦两地都建有明教寺庵,广结徒众,在社会上颇有影响。明代而后,晋江明教几经遭受官府打击,由在草庵公开活动转为隐秘于民间,后有佛教徒进驻草庵,使晋江明教带有更多佛教的色采。霞浦山海交错,汉畲杂居,官府的管理似较宽松,当地明教徒转身成为替人超度禳灾的法士,保留下明教坛堂及诸多科仪文书,具有更多道教的色彩。两地明教的发展方向虽有不同,却殊途同归,即由外来宗教衍变成民间信仰中的一个别具色彩的支派,融汇于中国的民间宗教之中。

Manicheism was Dynasty, Manicheism had introduced to China from the West. During the flourishing period of Tang greater impact on China. In the Tang Wuzong time, Manicheism had been prohibited and suffered a serious damage, so it transferred to more remote Fujian and renamed Mingjiao at that time, continued its activities in the southeast coastal areas of China. With comparing and analyzing some documents and cultural relics of Mingjiao, religious activities and ritual documents of folk inheritance, Manicheism/Mingjiao activities traces in Southeast coast of Fujian are be more clearly showed.