中国地区间教育不平等的分解及治理

China's Regional Education Inequality Decomposition and Improvement Measures

采用中国1997—2008年的省级面板数据和夏普里值分解法对地区教育不平等进行分析,研究表明,发达地区教育发展的先发优势是导致地区教育不平等的重要原因,但其贡献度越来越小;各地财政性教育投入和经济发展之间的差异已成为影响地区教育不平等的最主要因素,二者的累计贡献率达60%以上。政府教育投入努力程度的贡献度有所降低,各地城市化差异的贡献度维持在10%左右。因此,应加大政府投入的水平和对落后地区的转移支付力度,提高教育的投入效率,提升地方政府发展教育的激励;通过提升城市化水平以实现城乡间、区域间教育的均衡发展。

This paper adopts China＇s provincial panel data from 1997--2008 and Shapley Decomposition Method based on regression to study regional education inequality. The result shows,although advantage of education development in developed countries is still a main factor which leads to regional education gap ,budgetary spending on education and economic development among regions account more, adding to at least 60%. The contribution from education input effort decreases ,and urbanization level maintains at 10% level. In fact,government should not only increase transfer payments, but also more attention must be paid to equal distribution of educational resources during urbanization process, and establishing effective encouraging mechanisms for local governments＇ education effort.