洛克的财产权理论及其政治哲学意义

Locke's Property Rights Theory and Its Political Philosophical Significance

16、17世纪兴起的近代西方政治哲学所热衷讨论的自由、平等和财产权问题是这一时期商品经济发展、市民社会兴起的理论产物。作为近代西方政治哲学的代表人物,洛克的财产权理论向来被视为新兴资产阶级利益的反映。在洛克看来,财产不仅是生命与自由的象征,而且对于维护个人的生命与自由起着决定性的作用。他对财产所有权以及私有财产不平等的论证,不仅确立了自由主义的基本原则,还开启了自由主义向政治经济学的转折,影响了后来的古典政治经济学与社会主义思想。

Modern Western political philosophy in 16 -17th century often discussed the problem on freedom, equality and property, which was the result of the development of commodity economy and the rise of civil society in this period. As the representative figure of modern western political philosophy, Locke＇ s theory of property rights was always considered as the reflection of the new Bourgeois interest. From Locke＇ s point, property is not only the symbol of life and freedom, but also a role in protecting indi- vidual life and freedom. This established the basic rules of liberalism and started the transformation from liberalism to political economy, which influenced later classical political economy and socialism.